This article is for general information only and is not a substitute for professional advice.
When seeking mental health support, you may come across several different types of professionals. Understanding the differences can help you choose the right path for your needs.
Psychologist
A psychologist is a university-trained professional who has completed at least six years of study in psychology, including supervised practice. Psychologists are registered with the Psychology Board of Australia and use evidence-based therapies to help people with a wide range of concerns, including anxiety, depression, stress, relationships, and life transitions.
What they do: Psychologists provide talk-based therapies such as cognitive behaviour therapy (CBT), acceptance and commitment therapy (ACT), and other approaches. They do not prescribe medication.
How to access: You can see a psychologist privately or with a Medicare rebate through a GP referral and Mental Health Treatment Plan.
Psychiatrist
A psychiatrist is a medical doctor who has completed additional specialty training in mental health (typically five or more years after their medical degree). As medical practitioners, psychiatrists can diagnose mental health conditions and prescribe medication.
What they do: Psychiatrists often focus on the medical and biological aspects of mental health. They may work with people who have complex conditions, provide medication management, or collaborate with psychologists and other professionals.
How to access: You generally need a referral from a GP to see a psychiatrist. Medicare rebates apply, though there may still be out-of-pocket costs.
Counsellor
A counsellor is a professional who provides support through talk-based therapy. Training and qualifications can vary – some counsellors have degrees in counselling or related fields, while others may have completed shorter courses. Counselling is not a regulated profession in Australia, so it is worth checking a counsellors qualifications and memberships.
What they do: Counsellors help with a range of concerns, including relationships, grief, stress, and personal development. They may use various therapeutic approaches depending on their training.
How to access: Counselling is typically accessed privately and is not covered by Medicare, though some private health funds may offer rebates.
Psychotherapist
The term “psychotherapist” is used broadly and can refer to professionals from various backgrounds (including psychologists, counsellors, and social workers) who provide in-depth, longer-term therapy. Like counselling, psychotherapy is not a protected title in Australia.
Which One Is Right for You?
There is no single “correct” choice – it depends on your situation and preferences. Here are some general considerations:
- If you want evidence-based therapy and may want to use Medicare, a psychologist is often a good starting point
- If you think you may need medication, a psychiatrist may be helpful, either alone or alongside a psychologist
- If you are looking for supportive conversation and do not need a formal diagnosis, a counsellor may be suitable
Your GP can help you decide which professional is most appropriate for your needs and provide a referral if required.
Working Together
Mental health professionals often collaborate. For example, you might see a psychiatrist for medication and a psychologist for therapy. This team approach can be effective for managing ongoing mental health concerns.